'The Tibetan Book of the Dead,' is a guide for the dead and dying. The translation of The Tibetan Book of the Dead was carried out with the support of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and with the commentarial guidance of revered contemporary Tibetan masters including the late Head of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism HH Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Zenkar Rinpoche and Garje Khamtrul Rinpoche. The second part, Chonyid Bardo, deals with the states which supervene immediately after death. Apr 4, 2012 · Download the free PDF ebook of the English translation of the famous Tibetan death text, The Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Intermediate State. Milarepa (Jetsun Kahbum XII, trad. Bardo Thodol Chart: Tibetan Book of the Dead Overview (A3 PDF Digital Download) (135) $2. W. También proporciona contexto sobre su autor atribuido, Padmasambhava, y su introducción al budismo en el Tíbet. txt), PDF File (. Der Tschönyi-Bardo und der Sidpa-Bardo sind die beiden Bardos nach dem Tod, vor der nächsten Wiedergeburt in einem der Sechs Daseinsbereiche. 3. Mientras, el Bardo-Thodol se había convertido en una de las obras más célebres de la literatura internacional. Ele foi rev… May 8, 2024 · The Tibetan book of the dead - Bardo Thodol Most translations available Addeddate 2024-05-08 21:29:29 Identifier tibetan-book-of-the-dead-bardo-thodol Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s220chp8891 Ocr tesseract 5. Dec 29, 2025 · The bardo in Tibetan means an intermediate state, most specifically the one after death when your soul wanders through the heavens and hell, trying to avoid rebirth into samsara—the realm of the material—and achieve nirvana or Buddhahood. pdf) or read online for free. A este respecto, merece toda la atención, no sólo de los filólogos, sobre todo de los tibetólogos, sino también la de los psicólogos que hicieron importantes descubrimientos gracias al conocimiento del Bardo-Thodol. Ele descreve os três estágios do Baro, onde a alma experimenta a dissolução do ego, visões alucinatórias e o renascimento em um novo corpo. La palabra Bardo significa literalmente, entre dos: “bar” es entre; “do” es dos. 4 days ago · Quick Summary In Buddhist language, bardo means an “in-between” state—any gap where the old has ended and the new hasn’t fully formed. 9918 Mientras, el Bardo-Thodol se había convertido en una de las obras más célebres de la literatura internacional. Este documento presenta el prefacio de la traducción del Libro Tibetano de los Muertos realizada por la Dra. However, in neither of these ways can we actually overcome it. More generally, the word may refer to the gap or space we experience between any two states. It encourages individuals to embrace the experiences of hallucinations and visions as Download the PDF of the Bardo Thodol, a text from the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism that guides one through the experiences of the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Tibetan Of The Dead Timothy Leary 1975 Dead first published by Evans Wentz in 1927 with the aid of Lama Anagarika Govinda became Timothy Leary Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert boldly offered their own psychedelic inter pretation of the Tibetan Book of the Dead 2008 There has never been a rock institution quite like Sonic Youth. Oct 16, 2023 · October 16, 2023 by Admin A Brief Overview of the Bardo A Brief Overview of the Bardo by Thrangu Rinpoche Geshe Lharampa is a great companion to The Tibetan Book of the Dead or The Bardo Thodol. The Bardo Thodol, or “Liberation Through Hearing During the Intermediate State”, usually known as the “Tibetan Book of the Dead”, is the foremost example of a fully developed Buddhist ars moriendi or “technique of dying”. Bardo premiered on September 1, 2022 at the 79th Venice International Film Festival in competition for the Golden Lion. Nov 15, 2025 · Bardo Thodol Chart: Tibetan Book of the Dead, Comprehensive Overview, Decorative, A3 PDF Poster - Digital Download. h. The Dalai Lama knew that various translations had been made of 'The Great Liberation by Hearing', our Chapter 11, but that so far no one had translated the entire Tibetan 35392285 Bardo Thodol English - Free download as PDF File (. The Tibetan book of the dead; or, The after—death experiences on the Bardo plane, according to LāMa Kazi Dawa —Samdup’s English rendering / compiled and edited by W. Tibetan Book of the Dead - Bardo Thodol - Free download as PDF File (. The ever-present, unspoke assumption of the Bardo ThOdol is the antinominal character of all' metaphysical assertions, and also the idea of the qualitative differ-!i \; Cuanto más profundicemos en su comprensión más traducciones e interpretaciones encontraremos, más versiones diferentes tendremos a nuestra disposición y mejor descubriremos la verdad contenida en cada uno de los escritos esotéricos del pasado. Bardo Thödol Book of Natural Liberation by Hearing In the Intermediate State Tibetan Book of the Dead Composed by Guru Rinpoche Padmasambhava Translation by Gyurme Dorjee Gerard - Promijenit Svoju DNK Promijenite Svoj Život - DNA Aktivacija 137 pages PDF No ratings yet The Bardo-thodol (sometimes translated the Tibetan Book of the Dead) and the ritual associated with it provides a way to understand how Buddhism in Tibetan culture manages the issues associated with what is called grief in Western psychology. Dans ce qui va suivre, nous laisserons parler d'abord le Bardo Thödol puis la Théosophie, pour souligner en temps utile convergences ou oppositions, en explorant successivement chacune des trois phases (ou bardo) qui font passer des derniers instants de la vie à la réincarnation. O foco principal 8ICZ'pplapl : rlia:ning :: - . This dream occurs in various phases (bardos) in ways both wonderful and terrifying. Descarga gratuita en formato PDF, DOC, PPT. Laden La and by the Lamas Karma Sumdhon Paul Lobzang Mingyur Dorje, and Kazi Dawa-Samdup ; introductions, annotations, and O LIVRO TIBETANO DOS MORTOS HINO PARA OSIRIS " Homenagem para thee, Osiris, Deus de eternidade, o Rei dos Deuses cujo nomes são múltiplos, de quem formas são santas, tu sendo de forma escondida dentro os templos cujo Ka é santo. Document Outline Find Previous Next Open Print Download Current View Tools Bardo Thodrol Rifacimento del “Candelaio” di Giordano Bruno di Ciro Asproso ARGOMENTO DELLA COMMEDIA La commedia intreccia le vicende di tre personaggi: Il primo, messer Bonifacio, è uno sciocco gentiluomo , candelaio, perché da sempre omosessuale, il quale, non solo ha preso moglie e se n’è subito stancato , ma, addirittura, s’infiamma d’amore per una cortigiana, cioè per una ORIENTACIÓN PARA EL BARDO DOLOROSO DEL MORIR Plegaria en Procura de Ayuda de los Budas y Bodhisatvas Puede utilizarse al enfrentarse a la propia muerte, la muerte de otra persona o como práctica espiritual mediante el recuerdo de la muerte. We can either choose to ignore it or we can confront the prospect of our own death and, by thinking clearly about it, try to minimize the suffering that it can bring. 1. Gyurmé Dorje y el Lama Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey. Learn about the etymology, origins, contents, translations and influence of this classic work. com file sharing and storage La recita del Bardo Thodol al morente è un tentativo di fargli raggiungere l’illuminazione mentre si trova nello stato di Bardo, cioè nell’intervallo di tempo che precede una nuova rinascita. Archive. 9918 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Cartea Tibetana A Mortilor (ed. El significado del nombre Bardo Thodol Tomando la segunda palabra del nombre “thodol” esta palabra significa literalmente, liberación o emancipación por audición. pdf - dirzon. Learn about the after-death experiences, the transference of consciousness, and the practice of liberation by hearing. Learn about the Bardo Thodol, the guide for the after death plane, and listen to the audio version. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Sep 23, 2015 · Il Libro Tibetano Dei Morti (Bardo Todol) curato da Giuseppe Tucci by Oscar Botto Topics Modern Spiritual Movements, Sringeri Sharada Peetham, DLI Top-Up Publisher Tipografia Tosa Via C Capelli 93 Ioi 46 Torino Collection digitallibraryindia; JaiGyan Language Italian Item Size 641. Download the English translation of the famous Tibetan death text, The Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Intermediate State, also known as the Bardo Thodol. Escribía Evans-Wentz hace más de medio siglo, en su introducción del Bardo-Thodol: «Los textos tibetanos tántricos resultan particularmente El segundo bardo, más extenso, está centrado en el misterio de la mente, y en los infinitos procesos de su naturaleza y su poder creador, fundados sobre el misterio definitivo del vacío, constituyente último de toda existencia. It was released in theaters on November 18, 2022, then streamed on Netflix on December 16, 2022. Also known as the Bardo Thodol which means "liberation by hearing on the after death plane" (Bardo: after death plane, Thodol or Thotrol: liberation by hearing), it was originally written in the Tibetan language and is meant to be a guide for those who have died as they transition from their former life to a new destination. The first part, called Chikhai Bardo, describes the moment of death and the clear light. After downloading Bardo thodol_ El libro tibetano - Padmasambhava PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. O texto instrui a alma a não ter medo das visões e se fundir com a corrente da vida. 0. ” The book stresses over and over that the free consciousness has only to hear and remember the teachings in order to be liberated. Der Bardo Thödol, bekannter unter dem Titel "Das tibetische Buch der Toten" ist dazu der Grundlagentext, der sich in erster Linie an den Laien richtet, d. The text, a prolonged and detailed “remembrance of death” (dhikr al-mawt) which at times reads like a travel guide of Read "Bardo Thödol El Libro Tibetano de los Muertos" by Padmasambhava available from Rakuten Kobo. Cuanto más profundicemos en su comprensión más traducciones e interpretaciones encontraremos, más versiones diferentes tendremos a nuestra disposición y mejor descubriremos la verdad contenida en cada uno de los escritos esotéricos del pasado. 35392285 Bardo Thodol English - Free download as PDF File (. Libros electrónicos, manuales, guías y documentos sobre Libro De Travesuras De Politas. ) Bardo Thodol. txt) or read online for free. THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD Or The After—Death Experiences on the Bardo Plane, according to LāMa Kazi Dawa—Samdup’s English Rendering Compiled and edited by W. El Bardo-Thodol de Karmalingpa Las fuentes El texto del Bardo-Thodol, que se ha hecho famoso bajo el título de La liberación del Estado Intermedio por la Escucha (50), fue descubierto en el siglo XVI por Karmalingpa e insertado en el ciclo titulado La Liberación Espontánea por la Devoción a las Divinidades Pacificas e Iracundas (51). pdf as limitações auto-impostas. Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup) Scrierile Orientului EL CHIKHAI BARDO Y EL CHONYID BARDO Que contienen la visión de la realidad en el estado inter-medio: la gran liberación por la comprensión mientras dura el estado que sigue a la muerte, y que es causa de la profunda doctrina de la emancipación de la consciencia a través de la meditación en las tranquilas y en las irritadas divinidades. pdf), Text File (. El prefacio discute la importancia y autenticidad de esta obra, así como su significado para la psicología moderna. Their distinctive, uncompromising sound provided a map for _TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD _ Bardo Thödol - Free download as Text File (. 0-6-g76ae Ocr_autonomous true Ocr_detected_lang en Ocr_detected_lang_conf 1. To my mind, there are two ways we can deal with it while we are alive. 0000 Ocr_detected_script Latin Ocr_detected_script_conf 0. Buscar De acordo com a tradição tibetana, o Bardo Thodol é uma dessas obra s do Padma-Sambhava que foram seeretamente escondidas para serem preservadas para as futuras gerações, e que deveriam ser reveladas ao mundo quando os tempos se mostrassem propícios para tal. O Bardo Thodol é um guia para aquele que não teve oportunidade de praticar em vida a percepção e o reconhecimento da essencialidade da mente. (trad. According to Tibetan tradition, after death and before one's next birth, when one's consciousness is not connected with a physical body, one experiences a variety of phenomena. 14_books-20220331-0. The bardo lens highlights how quickly the mind fills Aug 23, 2024 · Buddhists believe that Bardo is a transitional state that occurs between death and rebirth. Its original meaning, the experience of being between death and rebirth, is the prototype of the bardo experience, while the six traditional bardos show how the essential qualities of that experience are also present in other transitional periods. An aspiration prayer to recognize the various phases of the four intermediate states, or bardos—the natural bardo of this life, the bardo of dying, the bardo of dharmatā, and the bardo of becoming—and apply the techniques and practices that will bring about realization. THE BARDO THÖTRÖL (Bar-do’i-thos-grol) is one of a series of instructions on six types of liberation: liberation through hearing, liberation through wearing, liberation through seeing, liberation through remembering, liberation through tasting, and liberation through touching. an Menschen die nur wenig Zeit für ihre spirituelle Weiterentwicklung aufwenden können und über eher negatives Karma verfügen. Tu arte o governador de Tattu (Busiris), e também o poderoso em Sekhem (Letopolis). Dec 25, 2024 · Explore the concept of the six bardo, transitional states between life, death, and rebirth, and learn how meditation and understanding karma can guide you. O livro é um guia para que o recém-falecido não se perca em suas próprias criações mentais e não caia em reinos inferiores de grande ignorância e sofrimento. El Bardo thodol, más conocido en Occidente como El libro tibetano de los muertos, es una guía de instrucciones para los El libro tibetano de los muertos (Bardo- Thodol) puede ser estudiado por cualquiera; incluso está especialmente concebido para quien no tiene tiempo ni posibilidad de emprender un largo estudio y un entrenamiento espiritual riguroso. The resolution of grief in the survivors is intertwined with the journey to rebirth of the deceased. Şi văzând aceasta, tu vei fi văzut Totul; Viziunea infinită, ciclul morţilor şi al naşterilor, starea de eliberare". rinqp3 . The Bardo-thodol (sometimes translated the Tibetan Book of the Dead) and the ritual associated with it provides a way to understand how Buddhism in Tibetan culture manages the issues associated with what is called grief in Western psychology. The Tibetan Book of the Dead outlines the journey of the soul through three Bardos after death, emphasizing the importance of recognizing one's true nature and the unity of all beings. In the first week the peaceful deities, and in the last week the wrathful deities; there are the five tathagatas and the herukas, and the gauris who are antage. This chart is valuable to all interested in Buddhism, spirituality and intelligent views. The Tibetan book of the great liberation, or, The method of realizing nirvana through knowing the mind ; preceeded by an epitome of Padma-Sambhava’s biography and followed by Guru Phadampa Sangay’s teachings, according to English renderings by Sardar Bahadur S. Why is the Bardo Thodol considered a spiritual treasure from the Enlightened Mind of the Second Buddha Padmasambhava? Why is a Book of the Dead considered Jan 18, 2021 · El Bardo thodol, más conocido en Occidente como El libro tibetano de los muertos, es una guía de instrucciones para los moribundos y los muertos que, según la creencia del budismo tántrico del Tíbet, permite alcanzar la iluminación durante el periodo inmediato posterior a la muerte y por algunos días más, a fin de evitar renacer e ingresar nuevamente al samsara, pues se considera que 212561399-O-Livro-Tibetano-Dos-Mortos. 10 $2. _TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD _ Bardo Thödol - Free download as Text File (. Three bardos The Bardo Thodol differentiates the intermediate state between lives into three bardos: The chikhai bardo or "bardo of the moment of death", which features the experience of the "clear light of reality", or at least the nearest approximation of which one is spiritually capable; In Tibetan Buddhism, bardo is the central theme of the Bardo Thodol (literally Liberation Through Hearing During the Intermediate State), the Tibetan Book of the Dead, a text intended to both guide the recently deceased person through the death bardo to gain a better rebirth and also to help their loved ones with the grieving process. Y. The document summarizes the key teachings of The Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thodol) regarding the intermediate state between death and rebirth. དང་ པ་KLན་འ A འ་M ས་ཅན་A%ལ་བ་ན9༔ ་ 9 ད་O9་ར9མ་པ་ཐ%ག་མར་ ཉམས་ B་Cངས༔ དབང་པ%་རབ་D མས་9 ད་O9ས་ང3ས་པར་ A% ལ༔ All aspirants should experientially cultivate the steps of guidance, which are the means by which corporeal beings can achieve liberation Those of highest THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD Or The After—Death Experiences on the Bardo Plane, according to LāMa Kazi Dawa—Samdup’s English Rendering Compiled and edited by W. Bardo Thödol Book of Natural Liberation by Hearing In the Intermediate State Tibetan Book of the Dead Composed by Guru Rinpoche Padmasambhava Translation by Gyurme Dorjee Also known as the Bardo Thodol which means "liberation by hearing on the after death plane" (Bardo: after death plane, Thodol or Thotrol: liberation by hearing), it was originally written in the Tibetan language and is meant to be a guide for those who have died as they transition from their former life to a new destination. ” Most famously, it refers to what we experience in the period, or bardo, between death and rebirth, as described in The Tibetan Book of the Dead. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION come out beyond the Sidþa Bardo and penetrated from behind into the lower reaches of the Ckönyid Bardo. 2 days ago · Hotel Bardo is in a great location across from beautiful Forsyth Park and walking distance to downtown Savannah. Upon arrival at the historic hotel, I was welcomed by the kind valet team that assisted me with luggage and directed me inside to the check-in desk. Tibetan Book of Dead Bardo Thodol Erxan - Tibetin Ölüler Kitabi visibility … description 171 pages description See full PDF download Download PDF deployed_code_update Full PDF Package more_vert close The bardo experience can be seen in terms of the six realms of existence that we go through, the six realms of our psychologi cal states. 80 (25% off) Digital Download Descargar Libro De Travesuras De Politas PDF gratis. In this short text, the author gives a modern overview of the bardos and stages we go through during the days after death. Evans—Wentz; with a new foreword and afterword by Donald S. People often hear “bardo” and think only of death, but it also points to everyday transitions: after an argument, before a decision, between tasks. 0 Bardo Thodol is the author's interpretation of the Tibetan Book of Dead, text of the Mahayana tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. el libro tibetano de los muertos bardo-thodol ( PDFDrive ). 2 Bookplateleaf 0002 Boxid IA40604914 Camera USB PTP Class Camera Collection_set printdisabled External-identifier urn:lcp:ellibrotibetanod0000unse:lcpdf:9ad1ef78-a3bd-4096-8eb8-894835f516a0 urn:oclc:record:1341889500 urn:lcp:ellibrotibetanod0000unse:epub:8470b9e4-91e4-4b33-938c Document Outline Find Previous Next Open Print Download Current View Tools Cuanto más profundicemos en su comprensión más traducciones e interpretaciones encontraremos, más versiones diferentes tendremos a nuestra disposición y mejor descubriremos la verdad contenida en cada uno de los escritos esotéricos del pasado. Bardo Thodol - Free download as PDF File (. 7M Source: Digital Library of India Scanning Centre: Sringeri May 8, 2024 · The Tibetan book of the dead - Bardo Thodol Most translations available Addeddate 2024-05-08 21:29:29 Identifier tibetan-book-of-the-dead-bardo-thodol Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s220chp8891 Ocr tesseract 5. Death is a natural part of life, which we will all surely have to face sooner or later. The third part, Sidpa Bardo, concerns the onset of the birth instinct and of prenatal events. Bardo Thodol is the author's interpretation of the Tibetan Book of Dead, text of the Mahayana tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Sophia) V. Tu arte o Domine a quem são designados elogios no nome de Ati, tu arte o The Tibetan Book of the Dead was called in its own language the Bardo Thodol, which means “Liberation by Hearing on the After-Death Plane. Then it can be seen in terms of the different deities who approach us, as they are described in the book. Lopez, Jr. Hacer ofrendas reales y mentales (ofrenda del mandala) Jul 16, 2022 · 190 pages ; 21 cm Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2022-07-16 23:01:02 Autocrop_version 0. Escribía Evans-Wentz hace más de medio siglo, en su introducción del Bardo-Thodol: «Los textos tibetanos tántricos resultan particularmente Jan 18, 2021 · El Bardo thodol, más conocido en Occidente como El libro tibetano de los muertos, es una guía de instrucciones para los moribundos y los muertos que, según la creencia del budismo tántrico del Tíbet, permite alcanzar la iluminación durante el periodo inmediato posterior a la muerte y por algunos días más, a fin de evitar renacer e ingresar nuevamente al samsara, pues se considera que . Bardo is a Tibetan word meaning “gap” or “intermediate state. Resumo: Este artigo apresenta a concepção da morte dentro da cultura tibetana da escola budista Mahayãna, apresentando os processos descritos no pós-morte pela leitura da obra "O Livro Tibetano dos Mortos", o Bardo Thödol. ' But, as he points out, ' with the equipment of our existing biological ideas such a venture would not have been crowned with success; it would have needed a wholly different kind of philosophical preparation Vei vedea Dharma-Kaya a propriului tău spirit. O Livro Tibetano dos Mortos fornece instruções para guiar almas através do processo de morte e renascimento. Its purpose is to help the dead on their way to nirvana or reincarnation in order to pass through all after-death visions and temptations as painless as possible. The Dalai Lama knew that various translations had been made of 'The Great Liberation by Hearing', our Chapter 11, but that so far no one had translated the entire Tibetan The Bardo Thodol text is read to the deceased for at least a fortnight following death. Mar 12, 2019 · The Bardo Thodol in Tibetan Buddhism The Bardo Thodol is traditionally read to a dying or dead person, so that he or she may be liberated from the cycle of samsara through hearing it. org Oct 18, 2019 · The Bardo Thodol teaches that once awareness is freed from the body, it creates its own reality as one would experience in a dream. It explains to the consciousness of the deceased the nature of the various deities he will encounter on the Bardo plane and reminds him to remain steadfast and unafraid since these visions have no reality or external existence: the Bardo visions are only his Our project began in 1988 when HH the Dalai Lama kindly offered to request HH Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, the late head of the Nyingma school, to give an oral commentary to me on key sections of the Tibetan Book of the Dead. In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, there's a transitional period between death and rebirth where the consciousness is detached from the physical body. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience. Download a PDF of the classic text on the Tibetan Book of the Dead, also known as Bardo Thodol, by Alan Roberts. Aug 23, 2022 · Cabuti, Horia Al. Our project began in 1988 when HH the Dalai Lama kindly offered to request HH Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, the late head of the Nyingma school, to give an oral commentary to me on key sections of the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Tibetan Buddhism identifies six 'bardos', or states of consciousness, associated with the phases of life and death. Y. Early in Buddhist history, the word 'bardo' generally only referred to the phases after death and between lifetimes, and in common usage it is still often used this way. 11 ntpnls 'pu1 rS 7(lopotg opreg) :rogirour e pw1 Le Bardo Thödol est unique en ceci, qu'il tend à traiter rationnellement le cycle de l'existence sangsārique (phénoménale) intervenant entre la mort et la naissance – la loi ancienne du karma ou des conséquences (enseignée par Emerson comme loi de compensation) et la doctrine des renaissances étant acceptées comme la loi naturelle Die Unterweisungen beinhalten Beschreibungen und Praktiken für den Bardo des Sterbens (Tschikhai-Bardo) den Bardo der Dharmata (Tschönyi-Bardo) und den darauf folgenden Bardo des Werdens (Sidpa-Bardo). Used without qualification, "bardo" is the state of existence intermediate between two lives on earth. Learn about the three bardos, the clear light, the visions, and the path to liberation. Escribía Evans-Wentz hace más de medio siglo, en su introducción del Bardo-Thodol: «Los textos tibetanos tántricos resultan particularmente May 26, 2018 · Explore the Tibetan Book of the Dead by Padmasambhava, a spiritual guide on death, afterlife, and the soul's journey. A inclinação mundana do europeu, profundamente intelectualista e racionalista, aconselha-nos a inverter a seqüência do Bardo Thodol e consíderá-lo como uma descrição de experiências orientais de iniciação, mesmo podendo, se o desejarmos, substituir os símbolos cristãos pelos deuses do Chonyiâ Bardo. Evans-Wentz with a new Foreword and Afterword by Donald S. Mar 5, 2024 · O Bardo Thodol, também conhecido no Ocidente como O Livro Tibetano dos Mortos, é um texto terma (tesouro escondido) da literatura Nyingma, uma das principais escolas budistas tibetanas.

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